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Are you running Server 2016 WSUS? In the 1706 notes (when it was pre-release) https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sccm/core/plan-design/changes/whats-new-in-version-1706#software-updates The 1710 notes show it as now no longer pre-release, but no mention of the dropping of the need to Server 2016 SUP, so I would assume that has not changed.

simply create a package with no program, the package should contain your powershell script, distribute the package to your distribution points. once done, you can create a Run PowerShell Script step in your task sequence, like so the Package should refer to the package you created above the script name is the actual powershell script, eg path\to\myscript.ps1 and the parameters are whatever parameters the powershell script expects to be provided such as variables %somevariable% the Powershell execution policy should be set to Bypass (unless you've signed the script yourself) below is a sample powershell script being run in a task sequence